Palm | Kelapa Sawit

Meat Consumption Pattern of Urban Domestic | Study | Food Sciences | Agriculture Commodities | Abstract: Animal products are an important part of the diet of urban households in different income classes. However, the concerns of consumers' receive little attention to design has a low profile issues such as lack of credibility and consumer advocacy or pressure groups. The situation is further complicated by the fact that studies on patterns of urban or rural meat consumption information.

The study used information on the cities in the metropolitan area of ​​Nairobi consumer survey by the Institute Tegemeo with the Office of Statistics (CBS), the frame appears at the end of 2003. The survey data is complimented with slaughter numbers and prices of VSF-Suisse, and several slaughterhouses in Nairobi.

This study characterizes household meat consumption in Nairobi and compares per adult equivalent consumption across income quintiles. It further examines the factors influencing domestic consumption including meat prices, channels of acquisition and the traits of the household head for instance education, gender and age.

The results indicate that meat is consumed by a large proportion of the sample but essentially remains a luxury good whose consumption increases with increasing income.

Middle and high-income households consume significantly large amounts of beef, chicken and eggs within the home compared to low-income households. This phenomenon reveals that health concerns especially for red meat do not necessarily influence consumption levels for both low and high-income groups. However, the consumption of chicken and eggs by high-income and educated groups appear to be responding to health concerns. Chevron (goat meat) and mutton (sheep) are hardly consumed at home. Channels of acquisition influence price and ultimately consumption patterns especially for chicken and eggs where there exists some form of product

differentiation.

The above represents a potential to increase domestic meat, there are low-income groups, but only to take advantage of lower prices or higher incomes. While the government is focusing on the productivity of livestock on the rise, consumers 'concerns' should be duly taken into account.

Policies for livestock development must adapt to changing consumer behavior and deal with marketing systems that prevent the translation of the productivity gains in fuel economy. By: Paul Gamba [ Food Sciences, Agriculture Commodities ]

Study: Organic Cotton Production - Abstract: Cotton sold as .organic. must be grown according to the federal guidelines for organic crop production. Soil fertility practices that meet organic certification standards typically include crop rotation, cover cropping, animal manure additions, and use of naturally occurring rock powders. Weed management is accomplished by a combination of cultivation, flame weeding, and other cultural practices. A wide variety of insects attack cotton. Management options include trap cropping, strip cropping, and managing border vegetation to encourage high populations of native beneficials. Certain biopesticides using bacteria, viruses, and fungal insect pathogens are available as insect control tools.

We discuss specific insect management strategies for cutworm, cotton bollworm, tobacco budworm, pink bollworm, armyworm, loopers, thrips, fleahoppers, lygus bugs, aphids, whitefly, spider mite, and boll weevil. Seedling disease, soil disease, and foliar disease management is also discussed. Pre-harvest defoliation methods that meet organic certification are mostly limited to citric acid, flamers and frost. The publication concludes with sections on marketing organic cotton and the economics and profitability of organic cotton production.

By: Martin Guerena and Preston Sullivan. NCAT Agriculture Specialists. July 2003

Keywords: cotton, organic, production, management, crop, soil, fertility, crop rotation, cover cropping, manure, rock powder, cutworm, cotton bollworm, tobacco budworm, pink bollworm, armyworm, loopers, thrips, fleahoppers, lygus bugs, aphids, whitefly, spider mite, and boll weevil.

Study: Survey on dairy cattle milk production and milk quality problems in peri-urban areas in Burkina Faso – A survey study was carried out around two large cities in Burkina Faso to contribute to the understanding of the situation of local milk production and milk processing. Twenty-two dairy farms associated with nine dairy processing units were selected for the study.

Two separate questionnaires were used to investigate the prerequisites for animal production and milk processing and the interviews were carried out from August to October 2006. Meanwhile, 110 milk samples from individual cows, 22 farm tank milk samples and nine dairy tank milk samples were analyzed. Results of the survey show that daily milk yield was 1 2 L per cow in sedentary traditional farms and 2 4 L per cow in semi intensive farms. Milk temperature at dairy farm level (32.5 ± 4.6°C) was an important factor reducing milk quality before reaching the collection centre.

According to the survey, the use of cottonseed cake in the diet resulted in higher milk yield per cow, both during the rainy and dry season (Chi-square = 9.32; P = 0.01). The use of crossbred cows was also related to higher daily milk yield per cow (Chi-square = 31.80; P = 0.001). It was concluded that more extensive supplementation of diets and cross-breeding would improve milk production in Burkina Faso. Furthermore, milk cooling systems on farm and at dairy processing level are needed.

Author: V. Millogo¹, G. A. Ouédraogo², S. Agenäs¹ a and K. Svennersten-Sjaunja¹

¹Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7024, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.

²Département d´élevage, Institut du Développement Rural, Université Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso, BP 1091, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.

Keywords: Dairy farm, dairy processing unit, cow, milk, production