Palm | Kelapa Sawit: trade

Tampilkan postingan dengan label trade. Tampilkan semua postingan

Dalam Dua Bulan, Astra Jual 201.753 Ton Sawit

Posted by Flora Sawita Labels: Industri Kelapa Sawit, industri sawit, Perkebunan, trade

Jakarta - Grup Astra melalui anak usahanya, PT Astra Agro Lestari Tbk (AALI) mencatat kenaikan 15% atas penjualan minyak sawit mentah alias crude palm oil (CPO) 201.753 ton

Berdasarkan rilis yang dipublikasikan, Selasa (27/3/2012), penjualan CPO sampai Februari 2012 naik dari periode sebelumnya 175.390 ton. Penjualan domestik masih dominan, dengan angka 190.253 ton. Sementara ekspor hanya 11.500 ton.

Volume penjualan CPO dalam negeri tumbuh 16,5% dari periode sebelumnya 163.302 ton. Sedangkan CPO ekspor turun 4,9% dari sebelumnya 12.088 ton. Sementara volume jual kernel pun tumbuh 91,9% menjadi 40.154 ton dari periode sebelumnya 20.922 ton.

"Namun untuk harga jual rata-rata baik CPO maupun kernel mengalami penurunan masing-masing 12,4% dam 38,5%," kata Investor Relation ALLI, Rudy Limardjo.

Ia menambahkan, produksi CPO dunia tahun 2012 berdasarkan data oil price diprediksi mencapai 52,37 juta ton. Produksi naik 4,3% dari sebelumnya 50,23 juta ton.

Kenaikan disebabkan adanya penetrasi lahan menghasilkan sebesar 4,6% menjadi 14,06 juta ha. Sementara, tahun 2011 produksi CPO dunia naik 9,5%. Produksi ditopang oleh dua negara, Indonesia 23,9 juta ton dan Malaysia 18,91 juta ton.

(wep/ang)

http://finance.detik.com/read/2012/03/27/123245/1877521/1036/dalam-dua-bulan-astra-jual-201753-ton-sawit

0 comments

VEGOILS-Palm falls below one year high, China demand supports

Posted by Flora Sawita Labels: Agro-industry, China, Malaysia, Oil Palm, Palm Oil Business, Singapore, trade

* China may replenish food stocks, boost demand outlook
    * Prices up 9.4 pct so far this year
    * March production could be lower on biological stress

(Updates throughout)
    By Chew Yee Kiat
    SINGAPORE, March 28 (Reuters) - Malaysian palm oil futures
closed down on Wednesday as traders booked profits from a
one-year high hit the previous day, although losses were limited
by news of larger food imports by China and soybean crop damage
in South America.
    Palm oil has gained 9.4 percent so far this year with 3,500
ringgit level within striking distance although many in the
market say the run-up is too speculative.
    Commodity traders are facing a choppy week as the focus
turns to the U.S. Department of Agriculture's quarterly
inventory report and planting forecast due on Friday.
    "Market players are looking out for the USDA reports on
Friday. At the same time, food demand from China is quite strong
as it is replenishing its stocks," said a trader with a foreign
commodities brokerage in Malaysia.
    Benchmark June palm oil futures on the Bursa
Malaysia Derivatives Exchange edged down 0.2 percent to close at
3,473 ringgit ($1,134) per tonne. Prices touched a
more-than-one-year high level of 3,497 ringgit on Tuesday.
    Traded volumes stood at 20,004 lots of 25 tonnes each,
thinner than the usual 25,000 lots as investors were wary ahead
of the Friday reports.
    A healthy demand outlook for palm oil was supported by the
latest Malaysian export data, which pointed to a moderate
improvement in exports for the first 25 days of March.

    Traders are expecting March exports to be higher than
February, registering a first month-on-month increase since
October last year.
    On top of that, market players are focusing on Malaysia's
palm oil supply, as lower crude palm oil production arising from
seasonally weaker yields could push prices up further.
    Analysts said that the effect of biological stress could
kick in soon after 12 months of a strong production up-cycle and
that could lower palm oil production.
    Brent crude fell for a second session on Wednesday, weighed
by the possibility of a release of strategic oil reserves by the
United States and European nations.
    In other vegetable oil markets, the most active U.S. soyoil
contract for May gained 0.1 percent in Asian trade after
China snapped up U.S. soy cargoes following tight supplies in
drought-hit south America.
    The most active September 2012 soyoil contract on
China's Dalian Commodity exchange was trading 0.2 percent lower.

Palm, soy and crude oil prices at 1015 GMT

Contract        Month    Last   Change     Low    High Volume
MY PALM OIL      APR2    3495   -17.00    3495    3515     154
MY PALM OIL      MAY2    3482    -3.00    3467    3499    3243
MY PALM OIL      JUN2    3473    -8.00    3463    3494   11503
CHINA PALM OLEIN SEP2    8716   -16.00    8676    8774 233098
CHINA SOYOIL     SEP2    9702   -22.00    9670    9764 548878
CBOT SOY OIL     MAY2   55.17    +0.07   54.96   55.35    6704
NYMEX CRUDE      MAY2 106.29    -1.04 106.22 106.94   16520

Palm oil prices in Malaysian ringgit per tonne
CBOT soy oil in U.S. cents per pound
Dalian soy oil and RBD palm olein in Chinese yuan per tonne
Crude in U.S. dollars per barrel

($1=3.062 ringgit)

(Editing by Niluksi Koswanage)

http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/28/markets-vegoils-idUSL3E8ES36Q20120328

0 comments

Indonesia - Market Factors to watch - March 29

Posted by Flora Sawita Labels: Indonesia, palm oil, palm oil futures, Stock Exchange, trade

(Reuters) - Following is a list of events in Indonesia as well as business highlights from newspapers and factors that may influence financial markets.

PRESS DIGEST

- DUTA FIRZA TO BUILD 27 TRLN RPH PETROCHEMICAL FACTORY

PT Duta Firza plans to develop a petrochemical factory worth 27 trillion rupiah ($2.95 billion) in Teluk Bintuni in West Papua, said CEO Firlie Ganinduto. The firm has invited South Korean LG International Corp to work on the project that is expected to start operations in early 2018. (Investor Daily p.1 & Kontan p.14)

- PODOMORO MULLS ISSUING 1 TRLN RPH BONDS

Property developer PT Agung Podomoro Land Tbk is considering issuing bonds worth 1 trillion rupiah in June or July 2012 to expand projects in Jakarta, West Java, Bali, Kalimantan and Sulawesi from 2012 to 2013, said deputy CEO Indra Wijaya. (Investor Daily p.13 & Bisnis Indonesia p.m2)

- MITRA ADIPERKASA SEES 2012 SALES UP 25 PCT

PT Mitra Adiperkasa Tbk, Indonesia's largest upmarket retailer that owns exclusive rights from leading international brands such as Starbucks Corp, expects sales will reach between 6.46 to 7.21 trillion rupiah in 2012, up 20-25 percent from last year's sales, said corporate secretary Fetty Kwartati. (Bisnis Indonesia p.m2)

MARKET SNAPSHOT

* Jakarta composite index gained 0.3 percent to a fresh eight-month high on Wednesday, while most Southeast Asian stock markets were down, supported by banking shares such as state lender PT Bank Mandiri Tbk that was up 2.2 percent.

* Asian shares eased for a second day in a row on Thursday, as investors limited their risk exposures on concerns about growth prospects in the world's two largest economies, the United States and China.

* U.S. stocks declined on Wednesday as sliding oil and metals prices gave investors a reason to sell commodity-related shares.

* Oil prices fell on Wednesday as a big rise in U.S. crude inventories and the prospect the United States and some European nations might tap strategic reserves sent futures into retreat.

* Malaysian palm oil futures closed down on Wednesday as traders booked profits from a one-year high hit the previous day, although losses were limited by news of larger food imports by China and soybean crop damage in South America.

----------------- MARKET SNAPSHOT AT 0009 GMT ---------------

INSTRUMENT LAST PCT CHG NET CHG S&P 500 1405.54 -0.49% -6.980 USD/JPY 82.8 -0.1% -0.080 10-YR US TSY YLD 2.214 -- 0.013 SPOT GOLD 1663.84 0.04% 0.720 US CRUDE 105.65 0.23% 0.240 DOW JONES 13126.21 -0.54% -71.52 ASIA ADRS 129.51 -0.55% -0.72 -------------------------------------------------------------

LATEST STORIES ON:

* Indonesia stocks........

* Southeast Asian stocks..

* Asian stocks preview....

* Asian currencies........

* U.S. stocks.............

* Oil prices..............

* Global markets..........

* Malaysian crude palm oil

* Indonesian palm oil.....

* Global economy..........

* Key Asian companies.....

* Key currencies..........

* Major deals of interest.

http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/29/indonesia-factors-idUSL3E8ET0Z320120329

0 comments

Exclusive: Malaysian exporters halt palm oil supply to Iran

Posted by Flora Sawita Labels: Iran, Malaysia, palm oil, plam oil, trade, Trade Agreements

(Reuters) - Malaysian palm oil exporters have stopped supplying Iran with most of the 30,000 tonnes of the food staple the Middle Eastern country buys each month, or about half its demand, as Western financial curbs on Tehran stymie payments, two trading sources said.

The halt in Malaysia's palm oil exports to Iran, which the traders said started late last year, is the latest sign that sanctions aimed at persuading Tehran to abandon a suspected nuclear weapons program have started to bite.

The sanctions, spearheaded by the United States and European Union, have made it difficult for Iranian palm oil buyers to use letters of credit and make payments via middlemen in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to Malaysian exporters.

Malaysia is the world No.2 producer of palm oil, used to make products from bio-diesel to cooking oil. It is a key supplier of Iran's palm oil, along with Indonesia, the world's top producer.

"Most of the companies selling palm oil to Iran have stopped since the end of last year," one trader with direct knowledge of the deals told Reuters on Wednesday.

"Payments are not coming through and no palm oil shipper wants to risk sending the cargoes to Iran with such a tense political situation," added the trader, who declined to be identified due to the sensitivity of the issue.

Malaysia's Commodities Ministry and the Malaysian Palm Oil Council (MPOC) -- the country's key marketing agency for the tropical oil -- were not immediately available for comment.

SANCTIONS PINCH

The United States slapped fresh sanctions on Tehran from the start of this year, targeting financial institutions that deal with the central bank, hoping to stem Iran's oil revenues.

U.S. President Barack Obama tightened sanctions on Iran another notch this month, again targeting its central bank and giving U.S. banks new powers to freeze assets linked to Tehran. The European Union has agreed to ban Iranian oil imports, a measure expected to take full effect within six months.

Iran, with a population of 74 million people, is finding it difficult to repatriate the hard currency from crude oil exports -- the major earner of the foreign currency it needs to pay for shipments of food and other imports.

Iranian buyers defaulted on payments for about 200,000 tonnes of rice from their top supplier India, exporters and rice millers told Reuters on Tuesday.

Ukrainian and European traders said they were no longer booking Ukraine grain shipments to Iran because of the payment difficulties.

Despite the halt in palm oil exports, traders in Kuala Lumpur said some Iranian buyers had continued to make enquiries, mostly for crude palm oil cargoes.

"They keep asking in the spirit of Muslim brotherhood. The last I heard was an enquiry for 5,000 tonnes for February or March delivery, but no one wants to take that risk now," a second trader said.

IRAN SEEN AS IMPORTANT MARKET

Last year Malaysia exported 342,256 tonnes directly to Iran, equivalent to a month's volume of shipments to China, data from industry regulator the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) show. At current market prices, that would be valued at $376 million.

Iran is seen as an important market as it has forked out more than half a billion dollars annually for edible oil shipments from Southeast Asia and South America.

This prompted the Malaysian Palm Oil Council to ask Malaysian palm oil firms to consider setting up refineries, packaging plants and bulking installations in the Iranian port of Bandar Abbas to avoid "the hassles of importation."

The second trader said, "To date, no Malaysian company has taken up that offer although a state plantation company might be looking at it. No one in their right mind wants to be caught there if things go belly-up."

Before the export halt, Malaysian palm oil firms would either sell directly to Iran or ship via Dubai, where edible oil would be stored in warehouses and repackaged before heading to the Bandar Abbas port.

About 90 percent of the UAE's imports of palm oil are marked for re-export, with Iran as a key destination, traders said. In 2011, the UAE imported about 400,000 tonnes of palm oil products, according to MPOB data.

Iranian buyers may still be buying cargoes via intermediaries, an official of a Singapore palm oil firm with refineries in Malaysia said.

"We sell to the different parties and they may or may not take it to Iran," said the official in Singapore. "I am saying we keep selling, so I don't know if it goes or does not go to Iran."

(Additional reporting by Chew Yee Kiat in SINGAPORE; Editing by Stuart Grudgings and Himani Sarkar)

0 comments

A Scam Behind the Australian Palm Oil Labelling Bill?

Posted by Flora Sawita Labels: agricultural, agricultural land, Australia, bill, Export, oil, organization, palm, Plantation, saturated, trade, Vegetable, world, WTO

Western NGOs have been using the Victoria Zoos network to mount anti palm oil campaigns in Australia by making allegations linking palm oil production to deforestation and orang utan habitat destruction. Heightened publicity is needed in these campaigns and signatures of sympathizers have been carefully obtained to show public support. The campaign provides Western NGOs a platform for a much needed publicity profile. A Bill was then tabled in the EU and Australian Parliament seeking for palm oil to be mandatorily labeled instead of being included under the vegetable oils category as is customarily used for labelling all vegetable oils used in food products.

In the original version of the Bill which was submitted to the Australian Senate, certified sustainable palm oil was required to be labeled separately when RSPO certified palm oil is used in food products sold in Australia. Although the term referred in the Bill is to provide for “right of consumers to know to enable them to make an informed choice”, the intention was to encourage the use of certified sustainable palm oil while normal palm oil would be negatively perceived through the NGOs anti palm oil campaigns.

WWF, a core supporter of the campaign was also the only RSPO member who supported the Bill at the Senate Committee hearing. RSPO was after all initiated by non - other than WWF. By supporting the Bill, WWF’s interest to have control of the palm oil supply chain is served by only allowing certified palm oil to be mandated as the sole form acceptable for use in either Australia or the EU. The coordinated efforts of NGOs resulted in both Australia and EU initiating a similar Bill.

A clear conflict of interest arises when one studies WWFs campaigns in Australia. WWF is aware that the EU and Australian Parliament will reject specific endorsement of its certified palm oil. Although this has indeed happened, WWF benefitted from the heightened publicity as this helped to steer public interest to donate funds to save the orang utan through advertising campaigns carried out on Australian TV. Judging by the frequent appearances of the advertisement, there must surely be a good source of income generated by WWF to justify the advertising expenditure.

At the recent hearing by the Economics Committee of the Lower House, it was ironic to witness how many parties were dragged into the legislative process to oppose the ludicrous Bill should the sole purpose of the anti-palm oil campaign and the labelling Bill is to enable WWF to raise funds. Furthermore, in the current modified form of the Bill as discussed at the hearing by the Committee, the objective of the bill is no longer relevant, or related to food safety, except to “provide consumers right to know”. What happens should consumers later demand that coconut oil be labeled in all products sold in Australia? Would a new labelling bill be created? We do wonder if NGOs like WWF have a real concern for consumer issues or are instead more focused collecting funds which are easily generated through publicity created using the orang utan icon.

What would happen if the Bill, should it be passed becomes a trade barrier and destroys the income of numerous Malaysian smallholders who depend on oil palm cultivation to survive? I would not protest should money from well meaning and affluent Australians is diverted to WWF funds for a noble cause. But a question we need to ask as donors - are any of these funds collected by the Australian WWF indeed channeled to conservation of orang utan habitats in Sabah or Sarawak, the states where orang utan are found in Malaysia ?

As almost 100% of palm oil imports by Australia come from Malaysia, is it not right that the money collected for such a purpose is channeled to the conservation of the orang utan in Malaysia? The Malaysian palm oil industry has shown a commitment by offering a matching grant should funds be directed to orang utan conservation projects under the Malaysian Palm Oil Wildlife Conservation Fund (MPOWCF). The active sponsors of the orang utan projects in Sabah and Sarawak are also listed and acknowledged indicating transparency in work undertaken for a good cause.

Committee members of the Australian parliament have spent a lot of time and effort going through the various stages of making sense of a Bill whose sole intention is for NGOs to raise funds in the name of conservation. Officials from the various Australian Government Ministry’s and food industries who are aware of the complications that will arise have not shown any support for the Bill. Even if passed, the Bill will only be good for the internet shelf because a similar Bill first introduced in 2008 was rejected by the authority involved in formulation of food standards in Australia. It should be brought to the attention of the Australian Parliament that a similar Bill on separate palm oil labelling was also recently rejected by the EU parliament .The bright side of the whole debate was the endorsement at the hearing by relevant authorities on palm oil’s nutritional attributes for use in food, and an agreement that sustainability should not be addressed in mandatory food labels as this falls under the category of social issues. Instead, voluntary labeling can be used to promote specific traits.

If deforestation is genuinely an issue of concern for the Green NGOs, I was able to remind the debate that Australia with a smaller population was deforesting (over half million hectares per year between 2000 and 2010) at rate that is 5 times higher than that by Malaysia; forest to total land ratio in Malaysia is 56 % compared to 17% for Australia; and agricultural land to forest area ratio for Malaysia is 1 to 3 whereas it is 3 to 1 for Australia despite its smaller population.

If WWF and other green NGOs are keen to stop deforestation, Australia would be a better place to focus. There are many Australian animals that are already extinct or endangered and many more Australian agricultural products that they can target to be mandatorily labeled to support “consumers’ right to know”.

0 comments

Australian Labelling Bill on Palm Oil Against WTO Provisions

Posted by Flora Sawita Labels: agricultural, bill, Export, land, oil, organization, palm, Plantation, saturated, trade, Vegetable, world, WTO

If palm oil has to be labelled for all food products marketed in Australia, it is likely to disrupt trade. Imports of food products will be affected as the palm oil content of food manufactured overseas is not labelled specifically as required by the proposed bill. Local manufacturers will need to have new and specific labels to be used whenever palm oil is contained in a product. This will be a costly exercise for manufacturers.

One claim for justifying the palm oil labelling bill is to inform consumers on the presence of palm oil which has 50 % saturated fatty acids even though the total saturated fatty acid contents of the fats used would already be indicated in the nutrition panel of the food label. If palm kernel oil or coconut oil which has much higher (over 90 %) saturated fatty acid content is used, separate labelling for these oils is not required. The 'vegetable oil' label can continue to be used. This will be a discriminatory use of the labelling law against the interest of palm oil, and will violate the WTO provisions. Malaysia and Indonesia will be compelled to complain to the WTO to ask Australia to remove the discriminatory treatment on palm oil afforded by the palm oil labelling bill.

The bill also implies that a product derived from legitimate agricultural land that was previously forest has to be labelled to inform consumers on environmental impact such as deforestation and population of iconic animals such as orang utans. The koala bears and the Kasowari birds are iconic and lovable animals that once roamed the forested land of Australia. These forests have been converted into sheep and cattle farms or sugarcane plantations. Consumers in Malaysia and Indonesia will need to know which of our beef, sheep and sugar products come from the land of the koalas and kasowaris. These products need to be labelled to respect consumers right to know.

If Malaysia and Indonesia were to follow the labelling bill example of Australia, the trade barrier game will become very messy, and probably printing of labels will emerge as a new business opportunity for Malaysia and Indonesia to replace the loss of trade in the export of palm oil to Australia.

0 comments

Zoos Victoria Creating Agricultural Trade War Amongst Friendly Nations

Posted by Flora Sawita Labels: agricultural, Australia, Beef, conservation, farmers, government, Malaysia, million, oil, orang, palm, populaton, Sabah, trade, utan, utans, victoria, zoos

Zoos in various states in Australia recently issued defiant statements defending their position to continue to allow NGOs to use their premises as campaign grounds to link the oil palm industry with orang utan habitat loss. Posters displayed by the NGOs on the cages housing the orang utans at the zoos were found to be offensive by a visiting Malaysian Tourism Minister as they contained insinuations which do not reflect the true situation of how orang utans have long been cared here in Malaysia.The controversy probably has increased the zoos gate collection but propagating lies about orang utans and the Malaysian oil palm industry would not be tolerated by Governments as they affect the livelihood of our oil palm farmers who are dependent on this crop as a source of income to feed their families.

Zoos Victoria and other related zoos should take note that orang utans colloquiums are organized regularly in Sabah, Malaysia. If any of the Zoo officials are interested in discussing progress and other aspects of the orang utans, they should register and participate in such colloquiums and offer their expert opinion for discussion with other renowned orang utan scientists. As reported at our earlier colloquium, orang utan conservation programmes initiated in the 1960s in Sabah have shown that the population of our orang utans has stabilised in parallel with the size of land that the state has gazetted for conservation as permanent forest reserve. The total area of the permanent forest reserve is approximately 50 % of the total area of the state, thus setting aside ample forest land for purposes of biodiversity conservation, habitat needs for wildlife and mitigation of global warming.

Orang utan is a national icon for our tourism industry especially for Sabah and Sarawak where these animals are indigenously found. It is highly unethical for zoos in Australia to use them as an icon for antagonizing the oil palm farmers. Millions of tourists come to Sabah and Sarawak to see genuine orang utans in the wild and at sanctuaries where they show up during feeding times unlike the caged enclosures in zoos in Australia where the orang utans are essentially prisoners.

We are aware that the Zoos are playing crony to the NGOs on a bigger plan to legislate for the labeling of palm oil to discourage its use in food in Australia. With the new minority government, the threat of such negative labeling to be approved will be significantly raised because of the influence of the green MPs in the coalition. Trying to block the flow of palm oil into Australia for food applications through legislative means may seem to be a small issue to the zoos which are partly funded by the state governments. However, palm oil is a major agricultural produce of Malaysia and Indonesia. Trade in palm oil is an important source of revenue for these countries and their farmers.

Australia should know the importance of promoting trade in agricultural products. Annually, Australian farmers exports RM389 million (2009)worth of live animals and meat to Malaysia in addition to the exports of huge amount of cereals. Malaysian farmers in exchange export (a lower amount) RM 306 million worth of palm oil to Australia. For many decades, governments and farmers from both countries have worked hard to establish a healthy growth in trade for their agricultural commodities, but this is now being jeopardized by campaigns carried out by Zoos Victoria and their cronies which could wreck the two-way friendly trade of agricultural products of both countries. Even if the zoos and their cronies are successful in persuading the Australian government to pass the discriminative labeling legislation proposal through parliament, and curtailing RM 306 million worth of palm oil from being freely used in food products in Australia, it is unlikely that orang utans will benefit from this exercise. Have they for a moment stopped to ponder that the oil palm farmers could very well ask their government to retaliate and Malaysia may have to look elsewhere for the supply of beef and live animals worth RM 389 million? It is also likely that Indonesian oil palm farmers will ask their government to join the retaliation and further damage could be inflicted to the beef and live animal trade as Indonesia is a bigger importer of beef from Australia as compared to Malaysia. Governments know better than to allow such a situation to occur as it affects their trade and government relations. Certainly, the Australian beef farmers Associations would not allow trade to degenerate and Zoos Victoria will be held accountable for such predicaments.

There are options to consider for the serious conservationists at Zoos Victoria . Orang utans sanctuaries are commonly found in the states of Sabah and Sarawak. Projects related to orang utan conservation can be proposed under the auspices of the Malaysian Palm Oil Wildlife Conservation Fund (MPOWCF) for consideration. All that needs to be done is to write in to MPOC with a comprehensive project proposal.

Alternatively, Zoos Victoria should focus on the conservation of the many endangered animal species in Australia because of habitat loss. For example, the Koala bears population is reducing rapidly, down to about 40,000 and the Cassowary birds are fast disappearing with a population estimated to be less than 1000 throughout Australia. The Cassowary birds would be far more interesting as a study option as compared to the orang utans. If you were to disturb their young, they can defend themselves by giving you a frontal kick which can be fatal! However, if the genes responsible for the big size of the Cassowary birds are transferred to chickens, the world could potentially have more meat supply. But if the Zoos in Australia are busy in their self-appointed role to campaign for our orang utans (which are already well cared for), and neglect to conserve their own Cassowary birds and allow them to go extinct, the world may miss a golden opportunity to improve on the poultry industry.

0 comments

Palm | Kelapa Sawit

About Us

Follower

Popular Posts

Blog Archive

About This Web

Dalam Dua Bulan, Astra Jual 201.753 Ton Sawit

VEGOILS-Palm falls below one year high, China demand supports

Indonesia - Market Factors to watch - March 29

Exclusive: Malaysian exporters halt palm oil supply to Iran

A Scam Behind the Australian Palm Oil Labelling Bill?

Australian Labelling Bill on Palm Oil Against WTO Provisions

Zoos Victoria Creating Agricultural Trade War Amongst Friendly Nations

Label