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Coffee production in Brazil contributes almost 1/3 of all world coffee, makes Brazil by far the No.1 coffee producer, a position Brazil held for the past 150 years. In 2007, Brazil produced 2,249,010 tonnes coffee, 80% of it has been arabica (coffee species). Although Brazil is the world's largest producer of coffee, not the Brazilian companies that dominate the global coffee industry. The Brazil's coffee market is dominated by two American coffee processors, Kraft Foods and Sara Lee.

Coffee seeds have been planted in Brazil as plant is not the indigenous to the Americas. In 1727, the first coffee plants were planted in Brazil, in Para state. According to legend, the Brazilian government was looking for a cut in the coffee market, and sent Lieutenant Colonel Francisco de Melo Palheta smuggled coffee beans from Guyana, ostensibly to arbitrate the border dispute. Instead of going to fortress like coffee plantation. Palheta rely on personal attractions to convince the First Lady of Guyana. Unable to resist his charm, then she gave him a bouquet covering seedlings at a state farewell dinner before going to Brazil.

Coffee production in Brazil was dependent on slaves. In the first half of the 19th century, 1.5 million slaves were imported to Brazil to meet the needs as farm workers in the coffee plantations in the Southeast. Since the foreign slave trade was finally abolished in Brazil in1850, plantation owners turned instead to the European immigrants to meet labor demand.