Knowing Palm that Produce Palm Oil
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The Origin of Palm Palm tree consists of two species of Arecaceae or palm family which used to commercial agriculture in producing palm oil. African palm tree, Elaeis guineensis, comes from West Africa between Angola and Gambia, and Palm Trees of America, Elaeis oleifera, originating from Central America and South America.
Palm tree can reach 24 meters high. Flowers and fruit are the bunches, and much branched. The fruit is small and red-black when ripe. Solid flesh. Fruit pulp and skin contain oil. The oil is used as cooking oil, soap, and candles. The waste is used for fodder, especially as one of the ingredients making chicken feed. Shell is used as fuel and charcoal.
The Classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Family: Arecaceae
Subfamily: Arecoideae
Tribe: Cocoeae
Genus: Elaeis
Species: Elaeis guineensis and Elaeis oleifera
Characteristic of Physiology
Flower
Male and female flowers separately and have different maturation times so that self-pollination is very rare. Male flowers have a taper shape and long while the female flowers appear larger and bloom.
Fruit
Oil palm fruit has a color varies from black, purple, to red depending seeds used. Fruit clustered in bunches that emerge from each sheath.
Palm Breeding
Trend and Prospect Palm Oil Industry
Palm as a plant producing crude palm oil (CPO) and palm kernel oil (PKO) is one of the excellent crops which become a source of non-oil foreign exchange earner for Indonesia. Bright prospects for palm oil commodities in world vegetable oil trade has encouraged the Indonesian government to spur the development of oil palm plantations.
The development of the sub-sector oil palm plantations in Indonesia can not be separated from government policies that provide various incentives, especially in terms of ease of licensing and support investment subsidies for the construction of the people and in opening new areas for large private plantations.
Family: Arecaceae
Subfamily: Arecoideae
Tribe: Cocoeae
Genus: Elaeis
Species: Elaeis guineensis and Elaeis oleifera
Characteristic of Physiology
Leaf
The leaves are compound leaves. Leaves dark green and light green sheath. Its appearance is very similar to the bark of plants, only with a thorn that is not too hard and not sharp.
The leaves are compound leaves. Leaves dark green and light green sheath. Its appearance is very similar to the bark of plants, only with a thorn that is not too hard and not sharp.
Trunk
Palm plant trunk covered with sheath until the age of 12 years. After 12 years of dry sheath is disengaged so that it becomes similar to a coconut trunk.
Palm plant trunk covered with sheath until the age of 12 years. After 12 years of dry sheath is disengaged so that it becomes similar to a coconut trunk.
Root
Root fibers of oil palm plantations leads to the bottom and sides. In addition, there is some breathing roots that grow towards the upper side to get additional aeration.
Root fibers of oil palm plantations leads to the bottom and sides. In addition, there is some breathing roots that grow towards the upper side to get additional aeration.
Flower
Male and female flowers separately and have different maturation times so that self-pollination is very rare. Male flowers have a taper shape and long while the female flowers appear larger and bloom.
Fruit
Oil palm fruit has a color varies from black, purple, to red depending seeds used. Fruit clustered in bunches that emerge from each sheath.
The fruit consists of four layers:
a) Eksoskarp, the reddish rind and slippery.
b) Mesoskarp, fruit fibers
c) Endoskarp, protective shell core
d) Endosperm, with endosperm and embryo with high-quality core oil content.
a) Eksoskarp, the reddish rind and slippery.
b) Mesoskarp, fruit fibers
c) Endoskarp, protective shell core
d) Endosperm, with endosperm and embryo with high-quality core oil content.
Palm Breeding
Oil palm breeding with generative. Mature oil palm fruit in certain circumstances embryo will germinate to produce shoots (plumula) and going to the root (radicle). Coconut oil has many strains, based on the thickness of the oil palm shell was divided into Dura, Pisifera, and Tenera.
Dura is a palm whose fruits have a thick shell that is considered to shorten the processing machine age but usually large fruit bunches and oil content per bunch ranging from 18%. Pisifera not have shells but sterile female flowers, so very rarely produce fruit. Tenera is a cross between Dura and Pisifera. This species is regarded as complete lack of quality seeds of each parent with the nature of a thin shell of fruit but still fertile female flowers. Tenera superior in fruit flesh percentage reaching 90% and oil content per bunch can reach 28%.
Dura is a palm whose fruits have a thick shell that is considered to shorten the processing machine age but usually large fruit bunches and oil content per bunch ranging from 18%. Pisifera not have shells but sterile female flowers, so very rarely produce fruit. Tenera is a cross between Dura and Pisifera. This species is regarded as complete lack of quality seeds of each parent with the nature of a thin shell of fruit but still fertile female flowers. Tenera superior in fruit flesh percentage reaching 90% and oil content per bunch can reach 28%.
Trend and Prospect Palm Oil Industry
Palm as a plant producing crude palm oil (CPO) and palm kernel oil (PKO) is one of the excellent crops which become a source of non-oil foreign exchange earner for Indonesia. Bright prospects for palm oil commodities in world vegetable oil trade has encouraged the Indonesian government to spur the development of oil palm plantations.The development of the sub-sector oil palm plantations in Indonesia can not be separated from government policies that provide various incentives, especially in terms of ease of licensing and support investment subsidies for the construction of the people and in opening new areas for large private plantations.
to be continued...
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